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                                                                                                                                          Syllabus

                                                                                                                                     el i -  P34  –  PAKISTAN LINK  –  JUNE 4,  2021  Religious Affinities or Animosities?
                                                                                                                                                          OPINION
                                                                                                                                            n By Akhtar Mahmud Faruqui
                                                                                                                                             Editor
                                                                                                                                            Pakistan Link
                                                                                                                                     gious   Hin the pre-September 11 period? A
                                                                                                                                            ow  did  an  average Muslim  per-
                                                                                                                                            ceive the United States of America
                                                                                                                                           country to envy and despise? A bulwark of
                                                                                                                                           Christianity and Judaism? A sworn enemy
                                                                                                                                RAf -      of Islam? Undisputed leader of the West on
                                                                                                                                           a collision course with the Ummah?
                                                                                                                                           The answer to all such questions is in the
                                                                                                                                           negative.
                                                                                                                                           Despite misgivings about US foreign pol-
                                                                                                                                            icy and Washington’s ambiva-
                                                                                                                                            lent posture on crucial issues
                                                                                                                                fi nities   or   such as Palestine and Kashmir,
                                                                                                                                            Muslims have been profound-
                                                                                                                                            ly appreciative of America - a
                                                                                                                                            country that unreservedly
                                                                                                                                            embraces diversity of race,
                                                                                                                                            faith and creed like no other.
                                                                                                                                            Those who take the Oath of
                                                                                                                                Anim o si -  Allegiance with teary eyes admire the country
                                                                                                                                           infinitely more.
                                                                                                                                           I have vivid recollections of my child-
                                                                                                                                           hood impressions of the United States: The
                                                                                                                                           stagecoach winding its way on a dusty trail, ea-
                                                                                                                                           ger prospectors panning for gold, the rush for
                                                                                                                                           California, and entrancing characters - Buffalo
                                                                                                                                ties?*  by  Bill, Daniel Defoe, Kit Carson, Lone Ranger,
                                                                                                                                           bounty hunters et al. – triumphantly striding
                                                                                                                                           the ‘Wild West.’
                                                                                                                                           With time, I came to identify the US as the
                                                                                                                                           epitome of anything and everything quintes-
                                                                                                                                           sential with its prestigious Ivy colleges that were
                                                                                                                                           soon to be the focus of all our strivings. Not
                                                                                                                                A k h t a r   many of us could make it to Cornell or Har-  ciful and all-powerful, Maker of Heaven and   … At the same time, I was able to insist on the  as his creatures and bear witness of true broth-
                                                                                                                                                        ing a few minutes of reflection in that place of
                                                                                                                                           vard. But the unrivalled excellence of American  out the religious affinity between Muslims  of violence. I, therefore, was given the propi-
                                                                                                                                           institutions continued to exercise a magnetic  and Christians: “Upon the Muslims, too, the  tious occasion to renew my sentiments of es-
                                                                                                                                                        worship I turned to the only God of Heaven
                                                                                                                                           pull on professionals, including the men in the  Church looks with esteem [respicit]. They adore  teem for Muslims and the Islamic civilization  and earth … May all believers see themselves
                                                                                                                                           khaki, who were keen to avail of an opportunity  [adorant] one God, living and enduring, mer-
                                                                                                                                                        erhood.” Towards the end of his visit, the Pope
                                                                                                                                           to train at Fort Benning or West Point.
                                                                                                                                           A closer exposure to American academics  earth and Speaker to men. They strive to submit
                                                                                                                                                        stood shoulder to shoulder with Istanbul’s
                                                                                                                                M a hm ud   and Nobel Laureates had a singularly benefi-  wholeheartedly even to His inscrutable decrees,   Towards the end of   Grand Mufti Mustafa Cagrici for about a min-
                                                                                                                                                    his visit, the Pope
                                                                                                                                           cent influence on my formative years. Profes-
                                                                                                                                                        ute. He kept his arms crossed at his waist. His
                                                                                                                                               just as did Abraham, with whom the Islamic
                                                                                                                                                        lips could be seen moving silently. Grand Mufti
                                                                                                                                           sors Hans Bethe, Michael Moravscik, Octave  faith is pleased to associate itself. Though they
                                                                                                                                                    stood shoulder
                                                                                                                                           du Temple, Nicholas Negroponte, et al., were  do not acknowledge Jesus as God, they revere
                                                                                                                                                        Mustafa Cagrici prayed aloud and touched his
                                                                                                                                           not just outstanding achievers but fine human  [venerantur] him as prophet. They also honor
                                                                                                                                                        face in the traditional Islamic gesture at the end
                                                                                                                                                        of the prayer. The Pope nodded and the two ex-
                                                                                                                                               [honorant] Mary, his virgin mother; at times
                                                                                                                                           beings too.
                                                                                                                                           Come September 11, 2001 and the scene  they call on her, too, with devotion. In addition,
                                                                                                                                                        changed gifts.
                                                                                                                                F a r uq ui   dramatically alters. The media churns out story  they await the day of judgment when God will   to shoulder with   jority among the Muslims and the Christians to
                                                                                                                                                        The visit should prompt the moderate-ma-
                                                                                                                                                    Istanbul’s Grand
                                                                                                                                           after story to suggest that Islam and the West  give each man his due after raising him up…
                                                                                                                                           are on a collision course! There is a concerted  Although in the course of the centuries many
                                                                                                                                                        be seized of their responsibility – to be con-
                                                                                                                                                    Mufti Mustafa
                                                                                                                                           effort to lend credence to Huntington’s ‘Clash  quarrels and hostilities have arisen between
                                                                                                                                                        scious of religious affinities and to shun age-old
                                                                                                                                           of Civilizations.’ A negative perception is aired  Christians and Muslims, this most sacred Syn-
                                                                                                                                                        animosities. Islam, Christianity, and Judaism
                                                                                                                                               od urges all to forget the past and to strive sin-
                                                                                                                                           day in and day out through newspapers, TV, ra-
                                                                                                                                                        are three Abrahamic religions whose followers
                                                                                                                                ( E d it or ,   dio, and films. We are more than familiar with  cerely for mutual understanding. On behalf of   Cagrici for about a   have a lot in common and they ought to work
                                                                                                                                                        for a common cause.
                                                                                                                                           the ridicule that Chuck Norris, Bruce Willis,  all mankind, let them make common cause of
                                                                                                                                                    minute. He kept his
                                                                                                                                                        According to Wikipedia, “Islamic–Jewish
                                                                                                                                           Denzel Washington and a host of others hurled  safeguarding and fostering social justice, moral
                                                                                                                                           on the Muslim world without the slightest call  values, peace and freedom.”
                                                                                                                                                        relations started in the 7th century CE with
                                                                                                                                                    arms crossed at his
                                                                                                                                                        the origin and spread of Islam in the Arabian
                                                                                                                                                Viewed in this context, the visit of Pope
                                                                                                                                           of compunction.
                                                                                                                                           Which brings us to the oft-debated debate:  John Paul to the Ommayad Mosque in Damas-
                                                                                                                                                        peninsula. The two religions share similar val-
                                                                                                                                           Are Islam and the West on a collision course?  cus on May 6, 2001, was an event of singular
                                                                                                                                                    waist. His lips could
                                                                                                                                                        ues, guidelines, and principles.’ Islam also in-
                                                                                                                                P a k i sta n   Professor Ralph Braibanti, an eminent scholar  importance. He was the first Pope to set foot on   silently. Grand Mufti   corporates Jewish history as a part of its own.
                                                                                                                                                        Muslims regard the Children of Israel as an
                                                                                                                                           who served on the faculty of Duke University as  a mosque and his message on the momentous
                                                                                                                                                    be seen moving
                                                                                                                                                        important religious concept in Islam. Moses,
                                                                                                                                               day was truly befitting: religious conviction was
                                                                                                                                           early as 1953, makes the incisive point in an il-
                                                                                                                                                        the most important prophet of Judaism, is also
                                                                                                                                           luminating essay “Islam and the West: Common  never a justification for violence. The Pontiff,
                                                                                                                                                        considered a prophet and messenger in Islam.
                                                                                                                                           Cause or Clash?” published by the Center for  who gave a new dimension to Judeo-Christian
                                                                                                                                                    Mustafa Cagrici
                                                                                                                                                        Moses is mentioned in the Qur’an more than
                                                                                                                                           Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown  ties with his visit to Rome’s synagogue in 1985,
                                                                                                                                Link)  has  cil II, Nostra Aetate (In Our Times) 1965 was  Muslims and Christians have offended one   prayed aloud and   recounted more than that of any other prophet.’
                                                                                                                                           University. An excerpt:
                                                                                                                                                        any other individual, and his life is narrated and
                                                                                                                                               said it was time to open a new chapter in rela-
                                                                                                                                               tions with the Muslims. “For all the times that
                                                                                                                                           “The ecumenical decree of Vatican Coun-
                                                                                                                                                        There are approximately 43 references to the
                                                                                                                                                        Israelites in the Qur’an (excluding individual
                                                                                                                                           a stunning repudiation of an attitude towards  another, we need to seek forgiveness from the
                                                                                                                                                    touched his face
                                                                                                                                                        prophets),’ and many in the Hadith. Later rab-
                                                                                                                                           Islam regnant for more than half a millennium.  Almighty and to offer each other forgiveness…
                                                                                                                                           It erased in a few poetically elegant sentences  Better understanding will surely lead to a new
                                                                                                                                                        binic authorities and Jewish scholars such as
                                                                                                                                                    in the traditional
                                                                                                                                               way of presenting our two religions, not in op-
                                                                                                                                                        AFFINITIES, P26
                                                                                                                                           the imagery in Dante’s characterization of Mo-
                                                                                                                                been add-  hammed as seminator di scandalo e di scima. Its  position as has happened too often in the past,   at the end of the   Views and opin- letters, pieces, in
                                                                                                                                                    Islamic gesture
                                                                                                                                           newly sensitive appraisal of Islam eclipsed the  but in partnership for the good of the human
                                                                                                                                           somewhat less felicitous but more potentially  family.”
                                                                                                                                                           expressed
                                                                                                                                                          ions
                                                                                                                                           powerful final sentence of paragraph 3: ‘On
                                                                                                                                                A few years later another news story
                                                                                                                                           behalf of all mankind, let them [Muslims and  emanating from the Vatican appeared equally
                                                                                                                                                          by authors and
                                                                                                                                                          contributors
                                                                                                                                               heart-warming: Pope Benedict XVI expressed
                                                                                                                                                          articles,
                                                                                                                                                    prayer. The Pope
                                                                                                                                           Christians] make common cause of safeguard-
                                                                                                                                           ing and fostering social justice, moral values,  unreserved admiration for Muslims and Islam
                                                                                                                                                          opinion
                                                                                                                                ed  to  the   peace and freedom [et pro omnibus hominibus  and called for freedom of religion and faith that   together for mankind, for life, for peace and for  pearing in Pakistan Link and Urdu Link  adver-
                                                                                                                                                    nodded and the two
                                                                                                                                                          reports,
                                                                                                                                           justiciam socialem, bona moralia necnon pacem  rejects all forms of violence.
                                                                                                                                                          tisements, etc ap-
                                                                                                                                                Returning from a four-day visit to Turkey
                                                                                                                                           et libertatem communiter tueuntur et promove-
                                                                                                                                               that included an unscheduled stopover at Istan-
                                                                                                                                           ant].’
                                                                                                                                                        are their own. The paper neither shares
                                                                                                                                           “This is clearly an exhortation to act. The  bul’s Blue Mosque, the Pope discussed his trip
                                                                                                                                                        nor endorses them and thus should not
                                                                                                                                           errors of the past were acknowledged, animosi-
                                                                                                                                               during his weekly audience at the Vatican. “On  importance that Christians and Muslims work
                                                                                                                                                        be held responsible for the views/opin-
                                                                                                                                               one side, it is necessary to rediscover the real-
                                                                                                                                           ties were to be forgotten, and points of agree-
                                                                                                                                American University, Washington
                                                                                                                                                        ions of the writers & advertisers.
                                                                                                                                           ment between the two religions were portrayed  ity of God and public importance of religious  justice.”
                                                                                                                                                    The Pope described his visit to the mosque
                                                                                                                                           without animus or condescension,” writes the  faith, on the other to assure that the expression
                                                                                                                                           erudite professor.
                                                                                                                                                    as “a gesture that was not initially planned but
                                                                                                                                               of faith is free, devoid of fundamentalist degen-
                                                                                                                                           Nostra Aetate unequivocally spelled  eration, capable of firmly repudiating any form  that turned out to have great significance. Dur-
                                                                                                                                                  www.PakistanLink.com
                                                                                                                                DC’s ‘World of Islam’ 2021 Sylla-
                                                                                                                                bus for the upcoming Fall semes-
                                                                                                                                ter. It will be read by students and
                                                                                                                                taught on August 31 as part of the
              n By Elaine Pasquini                                                                                              introductory lesson for the course.

                                      process, but more importantly, in a re-  The  Atlantic  Council’s  Shuja   plagued the past.”  ‘World of Islam’ is taught by
                                      gional peace process.”        Nawaz expressed the need for the   Lisa Curtis, senior fellow for the   Professor  Akbar  Ahmed,  an emi-

              s the United States contin-  The ambassador argued that the   United  States  to  strengthen  its  rela-  Center for a New American Security,   nent Pakistani-American academic,
              ues the withdrawal of all its   US-Pakistan relationship would con-  tionship with Pakistani civil society   also stressed the need for the Biden   author, poet, playwright, filmmaker

        Atroops from Afghanistan, ex-  tinue to be framed by external factors,   and  concentrate  on  economics  as  a   administration to direct its attention to   and former diplomat who has been
        perts on a June 29 webinar hosted by   particularly with respect to Pakistan’s   way to build a more productive rela-  improving the United States’ economic   described as “the world’s leading au-
        the Hudson Institute in Washington,   growing alignment with China. “I   tionship.        relationship with Pakistan. “The focus   thority on contemporary Islam” by

        DC discussed the future of Pakistan’s   think there will be strategic choices   In addition, Nawaz pointed out   should be on trade, investment and   the BBC.  According to Prof Ahmed,
        relationship with the United States.   that Pakistan will have to make, par-  Pakistan’s  strategic  importance,  not-  climate change or similar issues,” she   Faruqui’s editorial note “is a strong
            Husain Haqqani, the Hudson In-  ticularly in the digital area in the fu-  ing it is one of the largest Islamic states   said.  scholarly piece that examines the ur-
        stitute’s director for South and Central   ture,” he added.  in the world, is a nuclear power and is   Elaborating further on Curtis’s   gent issue of the clash of civilizations
        Asia and former Pakistani ambassador   Olson predicted that the rela-  strategically located, bordering China,   suggestions,  Joshua  White,  associ-  and explores the dialogue of civiliza-
        to the United States, moderated the   tionship between the two countries   India, Iran and overlooking the Ara-  ate professor of the practice of South   tions, offering a convincing counter-

        timely hour-long discussion.  will shift from one that emphasizes   bian Sea.             Asia Studies at Johns Hopkins School   point to Huntington’s thesis.”

            Former US ambassador to Paki-  security and counterterrorism to an   Ambassador Robin L. Raphel of   of Advanced International Studies,   Students in Prof Ahmed’s
        stan Richard Olson, now a senior ad-  alliance that focuses instead on eco-  the Center for Strategic and Interna-  added public health and energy as is-  course include Christians, Jews,
        visor to the United States Institute of   nomic and commercial issues as well   tional Studies and former Assistant   sues the Biden administration might   Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs who
        Peace, pointed out that Pakistan has   as people-to-people issues. “This is an   Secretary of State for South and Cen-  want to tackle together with Pakistan.   are guided to look rationally and



        played an important role in support-  area which has not been terribly devel-  tral  Asian  affairs  suggested  the  US-  “These are fertile areas for cooperation   humanely at the world.

        ing American military efforts in Af-  oped,” he stated.     Pakistan  relationship  should  “forego   with Pakistan and ones I think would   Religious Affinities or Animosi-


        ghanistan.                        Pakistan is attractive to the US   all of the hype of strategic dialogue   form the basis for cooperation in the   ties? by Faruqui signifies a special


            “I think we have to recognize that   economically because of, among other   and instead be placed on a more mod-  future. These are natural areas where   status,  one that is  acknowledged

        Pakistan will be important to the Unit-  things, its large and growing youth   est plane and not be overloaded with   Pakistani leaders can conflate their   in the syllabus of a class at a major

        ed States in terms of security interests   population  and  burgeoning  middle   issues.” This, she argued, would “make   interest and cooperation with a mix of   American University.
        as we wind down the military aspects   class. “This is the kind of country   the relationship more stable, predict-  public sector engagement and stimu-  Faruqui earlier has written for

        of our involvement in Afghanistan,”   American companies should want   able, sustainable and…would take   late private sector investment which   multilingual UNESCO and IAEA
        he said. “To the extent the US contin-  to invest in,” he noted, but Pakistan   pressure off the parties so they could   I think would be welcome by this ad-  publications.

        ues to support the peace process there   would have to undertake some fairly   actually feel ownership and more con-  ministration.”    *https://www.pakistanlink.
        will be an important role for Pakistan   serious economic reforms to become   trol over the relationship and avoid    (Elaine Pasquini is a freelance   org//Opinion/2021/June21/05/01.
        both in the intra-Afghanistan peace   “a genuinely attractive venue.”  the unrealistic expectations that have   journalist. Her reports appear in the   HTM
                                                                       www.PakistanLink.com
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